ʥ  Vol.4  ʹ


ȮС˵¼
ߣԶɰҹ
ͼһ
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24Сʱɾ鲻
ͼԴ¼롢УԵԱͶ
޸ĴıݣתرϢ


ԭӦΪϣ¶ͻȻʹ򼧽ѣ
Ϊ⵽ѵĽ巨ӻʲô¡
巨Ϊ˵õʥޣȻûΪƷϣ¶ȣ
ϣ¶ҲڶԽ㻳žģǴӦΪ巨
Ȼϣ¶ȵУȴѼݲޡ



ʹ

Ŀ

1  ոµġƷ
2  ٻ֮ʱ
3  ʥ޲ǰδ
4  ϣ¶ȵ
5  ֮Դ
6  η֮Ų
7  ѡ
8  




ʥ Ҫǳ


Ĺλ̳˵ֱ󣬻ʹõüŮҪ巨飬ȴŷ

ŷ
˹ǵĵڶӣȻԸ˳ȴӡŷ˹׶˸ѵõޣӵʥʸ


һӣ⣬õ޲ص˹ǡ

巨ʿ
ӣʱָϣ¶ȵǸıԼҡ

ϣ¶
򼧵ãлǰһδ˽

ﲮ
ĳ̵ĵŷƺǺܾǰľʶ



ʥ  ʹ



ŮںڰУ΢΢š

Ⱦҡ

òײܵˡ
ΪһԵõ
ֻǲͣӡͣӡĿӡ
󵽴ĵطһڵȴ
·ӵĶΡһбĿ¶Ρ

Բ
ȫҲá
Ϊʵ޷ܰ
Ϊһֱ

Ůһ߲һ߲ͣ
ںڡֲĥ£ĳһһ롣ҪҪһжˮڻʧȥ
Щﲢϧ

ʲôҪˡ
ҵעˣʲôҪ
صܹǾжɡ
һɰһʧ
һҲá

ǣŮոµˡ
ǻ
Ůѡ



1  ոµģƷ

һ򿪡
৵һĳƷйȥ
һ˲ʹƷѵĿॾ졣
ɷӳĻƿȵǽڡ
æתߣеá
˵ҲҪҲҪ
ϣ¶ȡ
ôƢƿѾøǺˡ
СͿģҪ˵ﲻͬӦֻһͷǰͬɫ԰ڷȫɫ
ϣ¶벻üԼͬţκ˶ͷ
Ϊʲô
ϣ¶ȲеķգٴƢƵؿڣ
Ϊʲôұ뱻ֵطѽ
ʵڸı̫࣬򼧺òײŽӿѣѹ
⼸Ϊ˰̫ܽ״ó˲ٿͷ
û취ڽ˹ǵĹͲˡ
ϣ¶ǰӲδҲǽ˹ǵĵӣ˽
˹֧½ӵΧǿǲȫ˵ġ
ĹҲ˵ĸף˲ϧҪλ̳Աѽ򼧵õװϣ¶Ȳ͵˹ǡʧȥλ̳ˣս˹ǵĵӡ
ϣ¶Ŀǰڽ˹ǵع⡭
˺¡
ңϣ¶ȱֵʱʧȥеļ䣬ȫǵԼ飬Ȼ׽ʵˡ
صʵ̲סбͷ
㡭ڵϣ¶һҲǵãԷƢҲûõ½Ⱑ
֣Ų롣
˵ᱻɱ
Ͼλӡ巨ʿؿǸΣһμʱͿǰֻǸǺԥնɱ򼧡
Ӳԭ±ˡ
˼ɵ̾˿
֮͹ԹԴ
˸֪ϣ¶һȫ޷ܵıʵ
ԹԴҪʲôʱ򣿡
״ƽ
Ҳ㣬ʲôʱ𣿡
òͣǸεرߡ

ʵ˵ڵֻмٵʱ䣬Ҫ͵͵Ҳ÷Ѿġڼûվߵ£Ҫϣ¶ȵ൱ѡ
ҪΪ˭Ҫôֵط
򼧻Χ
䷿䲻խƷֱ䡣ԣʵϣֱ֮ǰȷ䡣
һŴǿά˯ĵطʵڲŮסĿռ䡣
ǡ
ΪͷʹѹסͷʱǸˡ
һˣ
һɫס
⡭Ѿ𣡣
֮ط䣡
򼧰ϣ¶ƻطȻæš
ʰϣ¶ȸղŽƿǽ֮ƬѾˡ
ⶰӵߡˡ
ף£ʲôǸƿ
ﲮƿ򼧣òõĻƿ
ĿùƷ³ϧؽе
һǰŴӶʮϡеĻƿġ
Ǹϣ¶Ƣˡ
û취ҲҪมš׷һƿѾǷ˲ծأûɣҿɲϣǷŲม

ķݾѾܶˣһоŸ߸ƿĸװƷ屾鼮е̨ż롭
ָֻʮָȫ֮һſ㡣򼧱ͷ˵
˵ˡ֪ˡ
Щϣ¶Ƚ䷿ŪĶ
򼧲йŶ֪ʶҲ޷ȷǷ˵ǹƷ
һƷƺȷʵ
ԣϣ¶ƻĶ֮У˵мΪĶ
ǰһӣҵԭӦ˽ãŷò鵽Ϊֹá
ǣ֮״͸ˡ
ϣ¶ȱխѾ޷͡
տʼΪӳȰַ֮ƢһװƷӣͬƻƵ˺ټϵ鼮żˤȥֻһ죬𻵵ƷҲ൱ɹۡ
ﲮ˴סͽƻĶϸ¼򼧡
õĹǽΡ
ȻѾ㲻ԼǷλծˣֻ֪ЩծԼһҲ
ൽ𡭡
Ҳϣ¶ȷҪôĻһԱĸһḽһдšҪɱҪնƾáĵǸţαװӵļԱϣ¶ͻĻԾһ
㲻ҲΪѱʵû취õȫ
鲻ͣţһҲľ
ϣ¶ˡ
һѹסţһ˵
֮͵ȵл巨̸̸Ϊֹ
ȻҲ֪ܲú̸
仰¶ǣͷ˵á
򼧣
ʱһ漴̧ͷ
һͻȻǽľǽ
ɫ𷢡ɫɫеòǽ˹ҵĵڶӡ
ڵ򼧶ԣǸʹиҲֲĴڡǸǳΣյĴڣҲڽ˹Ψһһͬһߵˡ
ŷôˣ
ϰĳʽƣı澪ȣ½λͻĴߡ
Ժӡºͱ飬쿴ȴŵúܿš
ˣô죡
⸱ԺһҲΪڽ˹ҵλУӵ׶˸
ģ罫ɱ仰˳˵ɲó𡭡
ļӡ֤㣬һֻ⿴ò˲иĽСԲζ
ֻСﳤǳɫë޷ֱĸλ塢ĸλͷһ˫ڵĿɰ˫ۣʮϲ
һ򼧾͸˵ҡβͣȻǰ
档
һ֣ƵĦ򼧵ؿ
ģӦòжΪֻҲʥ޵һ֡ͬһҲûϸС
˵Ǹ׷ʥһ·˹
򼧣ˣ巨֪ˣ
Ļһ˲仹Ƿʲô¡
֪ˣʲô֪ˣ
˵أȻð
ϣ¶ȡ
ţұ;Լ֪ƺص㶼ˡϾҪˡ
򼧲жش
ʲ
ǼһҪˡ
иֵ˫̫ȥ˫ۡȻһᱻ֣Ҳûϵ龹Ȼôعˡ
㲻˵һû𣿡
ԭӦ
ֻҪûϣ¶ںδ巨ʿضԽ֮ҳ뽫Ǽܵġŷȴ򼧵ĵǣ֤Ļû⡣
ڡ
ȵȣһɲóҲڲſʼġ
򼧽ӿķŭȥдԼ˵Ҫ侲
Ǿ͵øϿϣ¶ȴȫĵط
Ȼ򼧲ΪֳҲһֱ
Ҫнáϣ¶ȴߡ˼ֻ¡

š
ŷʱ¶Ǹεı顣
ʵֻ巨
ʲô
ŷ˵Ļ򼧵ɴ۾˼תߡ
һˡ
ġ
巨ʿһˡŷı鿴ԡ⡹ɴǸ鷳
ؿðһɲõԤС
㡢òᡭ
ǹԤ̾Ӧˡ
򼧻û˵꣬ǰĿռͿʼŤȻһ˴ȵǽ
ˣ
򼧲Ȼ˽巨ʿ֮⣬ڷڶˡ

۲ͼ

ֻ۾ãȻĴߡ
һѴ󽣵ˡǽ˹ҵĳӡ
࡭Ϊʲô
򼧺ò׼ѯʺ㽾ؽ˫֡ͦ˵
ҪĬĬŽ巨ǿɶԴһ׵õƷҲûôġ
ʲô
һƬҵ˼УЩ˼
ƷҲ˵ѵԭϣ¶𣿡
뷨ܾ֮š
롸ԭ¡һ㶼
ģôӣӦѡʵɣ
ԭĸԣĹܵδޡȥŷڵ˸㣬˵Ը뱻ΪĸΪ
ĸᵽҪ񽻳Ϊϣ¶鸶ۡ
ĸˣϣ¶֮˵Ӯ𡭡
ٴνǰꡣ
ŶԱòԸĽ˹ǵһڶӡŷ˶Ѿõ֤Լӵλ̳Ȩޡ
仰˵ĿǰλӵΨһһλδӵ޵ˣֻн巨ʿء
Ȼ򼧲ΪԹһԿš
ɱܵδޣλƺ
ʱüͷ
ѡƷǼһﲻ̫ɣҪǼһõޣ׼ڶ;ϡ
ҾҲû˵ม
ŷµطΪȴȫû
ǼһѰµɱҮǼһӵޣһսรξԻ᳹սһΪֹģ
巨ʿĿǰ֮ԻֳһΪδӵޡܹŵõƷϣ¶ȣٶȡ̤ʥλʸҪչȡжֻһ
Ҳʯ
ȻָĲŷ࣬ŷƷҲڡ
˵ء
ָ򼧡
ҪǼһң˵Ҹɴȡ
仰һ
ιȵȡԣ
æǰ
ȴѽ򱳺Ĵ󽣡
ҪȻܻᱻһ𿳷ม
ֹͻ˴󽣡
һ˲䣬޴򼧲ΣգǱܵ㽣⡣

䣡
һ֮ǽ鶼һƻˣҳľмڳ֮衣

ŵ̬̲סס½
㡭ʲô£
ţһֱԹ۵ﲮأҲ򼧷ŭʱһе
ûʲô£ѽҪĵ갡⼸Ѿʧ⵽ĴλƲ𣡡
Ȼƻӵķȴ⡣
һ˼ָű򼧻ﲮʵ
˵һ˭
䷿ӵ󱿵ֻƻ˵Ķ˵ֻ
ʱͻȻعΪһҪ£žʹæ߽䡣
û°ɣϣ¶ȣ
õ֮漴ؽס
ס
Ҫҵòڷ
ɻػΧκһûӰ
ڵذɢƬ벣ƺΪǽڱƻһܵӰ졪ķѵľƷɢڵϡûϣ¶ȵӰӡ
ѵΪղŵĳм𡭡
Ϊɫ԰סƵع򵽵ϣ֮˸硣
пܡ
Ȼ˵ʧȥˣ

üȻͷ˵
Ϣ
ôŷԿŷҲ¶·оĳı顣
ǽ巨
仰̧ͷ
ʲô
巨ʿء
ס
Ǽһϣ¶ȡ
ʲôʱģѵڻ֮УسûλǰԼġƷ
ߵս˫ȭ
ԭ¡ǸˡȻ԰Ҫá
ŷڰҧгݵ򼧡
侲㣬򼧡
ô侲˵Ѿԭϣ¶ȣǸ巨ʿҮΡ
һ˵һƺ壬ŷֹ˵
ûģڵĽ巨Բ˺á
ŷն˵򼧾ͣ˶лŻɡ
ƾʲôΪ
Ϊ巨СѡҮǰʼĴڶԽ巨˵ͷǳҪΪ˴Ŀģǲνľٶ
ɣҿĻɣ
š
ŷͷŴ¼Ҳƽ
ţֻļ
£ûݵĻ֮ǰȴһǰɡ
һͷﲮؾվ
ΪʲôȫЩô鷳أ
ʲô
Ϊıߵϣ¶ǷȫȫﲮصĴڡˡ
ǰﲮˣ򼧵һο¶ֱ顣
һԼԭæ⣺
˵ŲҵѣǶԷû˵һ͸ģ
Ҳûã⵱ȻҲϡ˵ҿɲһëǮม˵ΪֹǷµծûлأȻˣһҽҪǷµĲ֣׼
ףɡǡ
룬ôû°
ƶҳ˹ǵĵһ֮£ȻȽǮο򼧲ͬҪǮĻһ̸壬ͲǷծɡ
ﲮȴڳ̬ȣòڶҷƢɡ
֤ݾﲮ򼧿˵֮ǰһ˵ıɨɨΧĳ
еķŭ޴йʶץסΪԴ½
һҪôźã㴳Ļɣ취
˹ҵĳԾȫںһ¶˺Ǹεı鳯򼧻֡
ҪˣȻƷ巨ˣҲû취գҪϿȥƷ
ʲȵȣҲŲ⣡
һ֮ҪߵĻȫˡ
ʹȫץס
ŷҲæ
ʲô
ͻȻе֣ŷһ
ĸ𣡡
ǱȿƻӵΣϣ¶ȱӶߣ򼧶޷̡
ŷǰ
Ѿƶ
Ȼץֱ۵Ҳһ𱻾ȥˡ



ͬǰֱǰߡ
ǰֹԷ˵ûЧ
Ϊʲôôء
һ߱ڽ˹ǹĻϣһ߷ŭ
ûԼץҵֲŰɡ
ҪҷſĻͻ
ҲŲֻ֣Ϊ˵õƷҪȥѽ巨ɶѡ
ͽΪ֮Ϊ
ٶĽжࡣ
÷ּһǿ
һʱ仹ĳƶ֮ʲôط
˹Ҳһӣȴ޷ȫƬϵһ
Ϊ뽨ȵȣõĵطֻһС֡
ߵĻȣƺĵطΪʯȿԿͥ԰ͥ԰һͷ򼧵˷ڵĹ
һ££
ŮһӰʹæ˹ȥ
巨￪ʼ׼κͨ
յػص
ҾǸԸӵĵܵܡ
ǣ巨æ
ǸҲæ
ڻϣһ˦ǰֹŮǣһߺԥĿĵء
ĳǰ
񹤾µĴź䲻ͬЧҰĵƷͬߡ
һţ̵һǿҵĹâ
ϴ˽ɡϰһţŴ³̤
ȻЩֵСС
еӦĻ
ûõͽŮԵķ䣬㻹Ӱ
ƻӡĸ磬巨ʿò̬˵š
巨Ԥϵ˻ֻڴĲŶȣյʶȤķÿ͡
ȥ巨ķüΣһο䷿䡣
ڿİҾʮֺҲļƷ۾Ϊ֮һ
ǴĻױ̨ļҾ㡪жǴŮԷƷ򼧱䵽ķơ
䷿ӡ侲ĵӲ
ͻȻλڷһŽ
עǵŵʱ³ç̬Ⱥɵߵ룬ܵԡ
棬ƺҪų𻨣ȫηػɱ˴ˡ
Ȼ͵͵㻹еӰôܡ
巨ʿ仰֮Ҳһ»˫ţͶ䵭ߡ
Ҫ˵Ļ֪˭Ա˵ġƷģܵĳС
ֵܻӹϵӰ
һ˶ԻλһͿʼܵӲ̾
ҿɲõƷȻһมȻҲ֪õʥޣӮҵޡ
ȻβԹԿžͺã˵ҲΪҵõޣǰҶ԰ɣ
㻹ӣǸɰļһġ
ûԵƺھͻγǰѴ󽣣򼧲ΣյϢǽ֮䡣
һ£࣬㲻ҪٶˣлҪǼһ˵ҲŶԡ
౻ôһ漴¶õı顣
㲻Ҫܱ˼ֵܵķ
ǲŲҪԱ˼õء΢һ£ûչ
˵֮ת巨ʿء
ϣ¶ȴȥˣ
˸Ӧ򼧼ʡ
Ҫôҵδޣûָʹ
ڳΪδ֮ǰҵð
סŭ档
У㲻Ҫ˵ϹʲôδӦûûԭϣ¶ȲŶԡ
ûлش⣬ٶʡ
Ϊٻ޶ϣ¶ȶ԰ɣ
ڴ
ΪĿĶڵġƷ
ұΪѾսˡ
ԭһȳŷʥˡ
ʧܵһ˲䡣
һи㣬ˬؽʥĵλøŷ
ȴıô᲻̫ˣ
˵鷳ĳ̶ȣλӵгƵ϶⣬ǹ̬ȣʱȴƺ˾Щ̫߹
ֻҪ״ı䣬жҲŸı䡣
ֻԸ𣿡
ҪĻ
˹ǵĵѸٵ˻شϢԶԡ
˹ʧȥʥʱ̫ˣֻЩһ¡
˵˹ǵİǱʲôҪĿ⡣
۷ΪΣֻҪΪ˱˹ǣͻһжҪδ޻ǣ˵һûʲôͬ
ϣ¶ȱӻȨĵˡ
һ뵽򼧾;޷ܡ
ϣ¶ôˣ
Ҫȷƽ¡
ͻȻץߣǲǺܺ£ûпأ
ڣ˵򼧡
ΡָŽ巨ʿء
˵򼧼ش
û°
Ҽ
巨ʿ򼧵Ļַ°˼ơڶݵĳĬ֮תͷ˵
ô˵ġҪ𣿡
ţڲӦƵߴһ򿪡
ϣ¶ȵӰɵĽŲһͬ֡
ƽ£ȷһġ
ϣ¶ȡ
ǰȥϣ¶ȴܾƵغһ
򼧻Ϊ巨ʿǿӲץߵһẦ£ԶķӦһ
ϣ¶ȵ˫ǿ־
ϣ¶ȡôˣ
򼧶ϣ¶ƵַǳõԤС
Ҫҡ
ϣ¶ȡ
Ѿˡ
ܣ˵ʲô
ΪɡƷְҪΪ巨µ
ԴеĿǣƵؽֱ
㡭˵ʲôɵ
ϣ¶Э巨ʿسΪƷޡ١ڵĻ
Ѽŷޣһ˫ͻȫɵˡ
ܹ̳н˹λֻһˡ
ŷλֵҲиɱ򼧵ˡǾࡣ
δɱ򼧣ϣ¶ֻΣ
һȱ巨ʿط⡭
УȻûдĿģλöҩɱŷ
ܶĵĵӡ
Ȼ˵Ķ󣬱ŷϣ¶Ȼ巨ʿص˳λǰ棻ң򼧲Ϊ巨ʵһС
ڻ֮ʱ˴ϵĲͼʧĻԵ֣ܵ罫ܵܵɱȽϿ죡
ϣ¶ȣҪΪƷɲôม
սȭͷ˸룬ϣ¶ȴмƲ°͡
ûô˵
жľ𣿡

ϣ¶˽巨ʿһ֮󿪿˵
巨˵ﲻκΣա
仰򼧵Ž巨ʿء
Ҫ˵ֲεĻ
ֻ˸硣
ģﲻΣգƺҲû
˵ĲΣաָԭܷѣӦҲס
˵ʲô
Ҫװɵϣ¶ȵ޳ɹ١Ҳʾܵõλ֮Ǵ⡣
ǣ򼧵ϣ¶ȱˡ
ҪֻҪ巨¼̳λͲκ˰ɣ
ϣ¶ȡ
˵ʲôƺᴫݸϣ¶ȡ
ˣԾ޷
ֻʧȥ䣬ʮ򼧡
Ҫ޼ڡ֮ػ޷޸Ѻۡ
Ǳ˴ΨһĽð
򼧾ƺҲ޷á
ҪɢϯľԼᶨǣϣ¶ȵ֡
ֻһЩҲãϣ˽⡣
ס˫ϸ֡
ϣ¶΢΢¶ʹı飬֪ǷΪ򼧵оʹ
һ˲䡪
ĳˡ
·ǿ紵һ㣬ĳ򼧵˼
ɫĹԡֹɢŵâʯ֮ǡ
򼧷ϣ¶ȵĵطһŴС
򼧵һ
û־ɫ
ǲĿùĵط
ƵĳкƳɫ֮еżڿȫͬ
µ죬Ǵ̬
һĶУ
ξľɫ
Ƭɫ෴аĶ⴫˹
ǹɶâĺ㳯ϯ
˴ѹȸл
ǡʲô
޷ֻܴϣ¶ȵ˫ۡ



2  ٻ֮ʱ

žе̶
򼧵ͬʱŻع
һɿǰĻӰʧˡ
ãȻգ۾ʹѹ
˼ûƽԾż
ղǡʲôϣ¶ȣ
򼧵ϣ¶ȸֳɵı顣
˵ʲô
ҸղſĻǡ
򼧵Ļüͷ
Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ش򼧸еȡ
ϸõ
ûп𡭡Ǽװ֪
Ϊȷϣæת巨ʿء
ķӦҲǰһԾٶ򼧣ͶԺϣ¶ͬĻĿ⡣̬Ҳопʲôر
ԽɻθĿ࣬ķӦҲͬ
ô
û
Ǹֵļһ
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ҪôĻͻ᲻ֻһӰʧҿĵطС١ʽҲܽҮҺǼһʲôģ

Ψһľǣ
ȻԷƺͰѺķ˳λˡ
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λ˹ǵĵӣʹӱɴ״ڵһĬĬ򼧵ˣЦֻԹ۵ˡ
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ȻǸԸ䣬ʱеĴǡ١ʽɡ
ͬʽ򼧲ͬԼ־ܵġ
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ӿĴܸУ򼧱߲սȭͷ
ʱǰĽ巨ʿغȻı顣
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巨ʿǰʥޡ١򼧵֮ʱҲйͬ顣򼧼״һ
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Ǹʱ򣬡١ʽ򼧲õĵطˡ
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λӺݺݵصϣ¶ȡ
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ֲԤУǺ֡
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۲ͼ

ŵӽת򼧣¶̶һ仰
ŮѾʹùˡ
ʲô
Ҳ˵Ѿ޼ˡ
仰۾
Ȼ
һ˲䣬ǰıɴ״âʧ
ϣ¶巨ʿصӰҲͬʱˡ
سǰ֮Ѿһ



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巨ʿصĻԺлص
Ѿ޼ϣ¶
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򼧽վԶĵطƺܿĵ˵
ԭ˰Ѿ˶ˣģ
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ĴڣΪʲôûиڡƷߡ
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򼧲Ƶ½
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ؽִջء
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ΪŽǿƵĿռƶԽŷﲮˡ
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Ըӵļ̌ͷŽ˹ǵĵһӡ
ʱ򡪡
򼧣
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ȡֵֻ֮Сë򣬿˵ŷʥޡ
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СʥӦ򼧵ĺ㣬ץס
һ˲䣬򼧵Ľű߳һɫƵĿռ䡣
ʲ
򼧻УͱǸռ



ڻ谵ĿռԾ
ܺȤ巨ʿȴվĹʯм䡣
ŷǵǰ
ſ˫֣ڱĳ
棬򼧲ŷϣ¶ȡŷɢڵϵɫͷ˵һС
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ŷ˵ڵϵϣ¶֮⣬һˡ
ĺɫͷڻҫ֮¸ֳ
ûãȴ˸е򼧿Է֮ͣ¶
Ǹƶˡᣬȴһų֮С

򼧾ôȻؽгԼǰδ֡



3  ʥ޲ǰδ

԰׵
ųݵı顣
˵Ԥ֣֮ԭء
ƬĳĬ֮С
巨ʿؽͻȻǰꡣ
̽ŶԷ
ӦҲԷκĿİɡ
תظŷϡ
˫ɫ۾˸ŭ𣬵ƺҲͬʱһ侲
㻹ӣֻЩ¡
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Ȼľٶȴ˵Ļͬûһжļ
ʱת·ע⵽򼧵Ĵڡ
û취ҾȷŹǣҪΪ´Ρ
巨ʿ˵֮;֣һ˲䣬ǰľ֮ı䡣ʯһͨϾɷ䣬巨ʿصӰҲʧ
򼧲֪ǻʹпռƶ
ֻǰü޵ΣѾԶ룬΢滺һ½Ӳ塣
ǽŻûн
˵ˡ
ظǰδ

ٴνгԼáڵϵǰδ֮
˫źɫ۾֮򼧡
ƺһ˿ãȻ



Դ򼧴뱧ϣ¶ȵŷһͬطʹõķ֮󣬾˶õʱ䣿
Ҫٶ˲𣿡
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򼧿֮úܲ˼飬ϣ¶ҲãҲգǾôأ
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㲻ÿްһ
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Ϊʲô;ϣ¶ȷֿأǶʱЩʲô

ûشˣ򼧶Դ˸е
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Ҫ¶ֱû˻ϣ¶ֻҪ䣬ԵĻҲһɡ
û򼧵ĻӦֻڴߴ֮Ծɥģվ



Ǹ̫鷳ˡ
һϣһ߶صرЭ͵ŷǸŷȴȫıЦݡ
ӣоͲ֪ΪϮ򼧡
ȻƷڵԾɺŷ
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⸱ģŷ˵
򼧣㿴ܼįء
ûǻ¡
װں˵ŷһĺԡ

ֲ̧ͷʱŷ൱ı
򼧣㻹ңûġ
¶΢Ц˵ţҲֻܻԿЦ
򼧵ĸ񴫵ݸȻѾеŭȴǲżį
ʧȥһֱΪԼеƷĸдʧȥ˲䡣
ŷ΢ա
Ȼ򼧲ǵԼ˵飬㲻ͱˡ
ƽǸٸļһ
ʱŷܳٶۣżҲ˾ȡ
򼧵һۼŷʱ򣬾е¹۲֮ΪһҲ
ŷԼ޷ʵȴӵҡ
ֻΪ˭ᣬŻῴѶϰɡ
ʵڽڷӡһĴڡ
ŷŷ˹ȡһ
ŷ˸ᱻ
뵽򼧾;Ƚϼį
Ϊ˴ɢ뷨ѯŷ
巨𣿡
ԾɲΪ巨ͷˡ
ķŭӦû΢ƽϢΪ򼧺㣬ԸǶе
˹ǵĹûеطܶء
巨Ϊʽ׼ǸطҲ˵ֻҪϰʱͿҳ
ȡ໥ʱ䣬ȴòһ֮ǰĳʱ䡣
ﲮﶼġ
Ѿûκεطܹˡַ·ֿȭȺĲôһ˯첻ˡ
򼧵Ĳŷ˰ɣֻ˸ͷ
ûġ
ֻһֱڼϵʥץסȻŵϡ
֮Ȱ
ʲô
һ͵ֻϴһǷſʼϴԲë
͵ħ
ħ
ǿ巨
һôҲʥްŷ˵š

۲ͼ

ǣһ߿ʱԶ̶̵Ľץͷһ̲סĻ
ҲûЧҮ
ܵο塣
ȻԼֻ
˵бûСúðɡ
ӣҲȫԼʥޡ
ڷʲôΣ̬ʱ򣬿Եͨʹߡ
ǰʾһµĻԳɡֻӣҲûнǿ
ˣɾò
ҿһ䷿𣿡
ʲô
ֻĻҲģϾԷǸ巨
򼧵漴
ԡ
ΪʲôҾüӵֶһȽϺð
ֻֻë򣬼ٸ˲Խ鲻ʥޣⲻ˺ܲ𣡣ȷʵûܱûкá
Ȼ
ҵԲС
Բطʣ
ΪʲôͲУ
ϣ¶ȶͬһ䷿ˣΪʲôҲУԴ˺ıŷ

ŷĳĬ֮бߡ
ܾϸֳܵ˺ı顣Ϊʲôأ
е˼ʱŷƵ̾˿
˲һԣҾǴһȽϺãʲôһչ˵˵ҲȽɡ
ȻֻҪҴ͵ڽ˾һ㲻Ҳܸ𣿾巨Ϯֻ䷿ĻͱȽϷ㱣
򼧵ĻŷͷЦ
Ϊô˵ڵ㷢˲飬ƺҲܵ˽ѵҾʱ֡
ûᰲֵʲôʱˡŷһ䡣
ôһ˵Ҳе
۽巨ʿػ֪࣬ʱѾĬ򼧵Ĵڡ
˵ΪҪ֣ŷ˹ѵĻˡˣȴҲÿԾʹ˰ġֻǸĽ״ֻ̬ҪκһƽΣͻٶá
״ò΢ƽϢȴ˶ϵķһͷԽΣյıȻа

Ȼŷúе޷ܾͬŷûаѻ
˵ΪŷĲֻǽ巨
ѵ
ʱͻȻи뷨͵͵ŷһۡ
ڻ𣿣
ڻ
Ҳ޿ɺǣΪĴ̫Ȼˡ
˼ϣ¶ȶŷ˵ҲͬǸȻĴڡ
ĸ˶ͻǰһڻޡ
ŷ޷ɣŻΪԼ򼧺޽䱸ǴһǼͬСɵ¡
򼧵뻳ˡ
ʹ˸ıٶ࣬ȻҪǰδΨһáŷ˶ˣ侲Ŀ⿴ǡ
һ뵽򼧵ͱøӡ



򼧴ĪƵص󣬿˷صȾϿڣ
£ˣ
ȵ̬ǰȫͬ򼧲˫ۡ
ǣϸֳı飬ȫں򼧵ķӦ
£ºܲԾ𣿡
仰һԼԻƺ͸ˡ
ˣԾжԼ˵û¡Ȼͷʵ
Ծ𣿡
˻شص̾˿
ǵģһٶġΪŻҲܵġ

ŮڹؼʱֽĻġΪǴСͬãһ˶ȾͲ
˵ڹʲôԱ߿÷ǳֺܽġһֱŹ˵仰ȻҪ᣺ĵٺҲи޶Ȱ
ҶԱ˵ûޡ
Ϊ˵ֻԲŻᱻᡣŷµ̬ôȻȴòỹ°ɣ
زɳ壬򼧲еų
Ӧáûаɡ
ľЩį޷ϣѿ˵ģɵĴ𰸡
ôھ͸Է˵У

繫˵ڵĻҴȥ˵ɣ
ƺʱɱȥæֹ
ȡһ£Ҫ侲Ŷ԰ɡ
侲Է£Ҳһ㶼ûԭมŮѾ̤ˣֵøЩҲ޷ʵ̫ˣΪŭ˭ȥ˵أ
ѾˡԽȭͷ˵ȣѾøʲôӦˡô˵ҲΪΪ֪ѡ
ʱȻ˸顣
ȻⲻҸ˵ģ˽ʵΪŷ±ȽʺϹ
ͻķ򼧸еȡ
ʲô
ʱΪʲôҪᵽŷ
ղŵĻŷûйϵɡ
˵ʲôλƽҪá
ܡҪá𣿡
򼧲ɻ󣬵ȼ˵
ŷºҲ⹫˵Էǽ

ȫý˹λôӵ£֪Ҫ޵˹ǵʱǰһƬڰġŷ¾Ϳ԰ˣλӵһõҸ
򼧳ŮͶɻĿ⡣ղǾ䡸ʱƺرӦòǴɡ
㽲Щʱûа˹ӵֿǽȥɡ
ѯʺͷص
ȻΪŷǸܿɰ˰
ɰ˵
ֻҪǹ˵ĻʵҪǳΪ롣
仰ŷƵĴСոοƵ򼧵ͷ
ţȷʵºͣ˭һรǶ׶ֵҲǸģ
ԸԲͬĸ֮ܵ䣬ȴûжԴ˽⡣򼧾ãزѾǵͿݵˡ
ƺԥ̬ȸеꡣ
£ŷµ𣡣ĵصȴรǴ˹ǵҮܵﶼҲôɫĶˣ
Ƚÿ仰˵Ҳ̲סͬⲢĿ
رǿֵ֮򼧸޷ôΪ
ǡ
֮Իô룬Ϊ֪ŷڵһ˸ɡ
ʵϣһŷ˹ϣ̲˿ѷǶֵܵĿԸ
ǣ뷨ȼ˵ȥ
»ҲǸˣֻǵѶϣŷǸߣ
򼧾Щ
㿴ϸ
ϾҪΪɷ˰ôԣ
ɷ򡭡
ѶϣһȽϺð
ֶðɡ˵һݣôԼʵںûˡ



ڷһ֮
͵͵䣬û֪
ŷ˵ֻɺδ״
ɣǡ
ĵǰ˵ķ䣬ȻŲڿӡ
ãȻϣ¶ȵߣ󿴵һ
򼧼龰֮Ϳʼġ
òһֱǸӰɣ
Ͽһۡ
ԲԲʥҲϣƺûڼӡ
·Լʹӱ߳Եýζ
רĳԭΪĲ͵㡣
ʶץס棬ʳ
˵ħˣò㵱ɣ
ص֮壬򼧵ŭȥ˰ɡ
ҵ»Եĵ㲻ҪٳԱ˵ʳม
˵ӱ˿ֻͱԵǽһƬʵڲܳԵ״̬
򼧲̾
㲻ԲŻȾ㣬һ̰ԵģȥԻม
ϸֲŸջı顣
ȫ˳Է¡
ǵġ
ΪŲܷһ
޿κΣֻ÷Լķ䣬׼µĲ͵ù
͵ŵϺ֣ǿߡ
֪ûʳóԷҪ԰Ҳ뱣ϣ¶ȵĻ͸Լѽ
ĬĬ̧ͷ򼧡
˵һ˳ԷģҪĻԺֻгԷʱҲãϣ¶֮ǰҪҪһԷ
ܵ򼧵ˡ
ֻ΢΢ſ졣

򼧾ȷʵз
ôüͷ¶ʹı顣
ǿܵհܱ顣

ģ򼧾Ȳѡ
æ
ֻһ԰׵ҡͷ
ʱע⵽һ¡
⡭
ʧȥǱס
ĳ˷סˡ
ص̾˿򼧰οƵı˵
ˣǿԼ˵
Σա
ֻǱȱĳĳ
Ƿ򼧲֪ʱ򡢲֪ĳ
ȷ㲢ҧ촽
ϣ¶ڼޣס
֮便ʲô£
ϣ¶֪Լޡ
Ż˳ӽ巨ʿصĻܡ١ʽ
õʧȥΪ
ĳֶ򼧵˲õĵطж
ԤС



4  ϣ¶ȵ

ϣ򼧽߶Ĳ͵ϣȻ䡣
ûκߣ򼧷ĵ߳ȥ
ʱ򡪡
Ҫȥ
˶˵
ֹͣ
ڵ
תͷȥŷ˫ֻվ
򼧣簲
簲
߶еӡ
Ϊʲôһʱְ
ˣԾɴʵ˵
ʵҴӦҪһ͡

ร򼧡
ŷôδйǿӲӦ
Բ
ΪʲôֻһԷ
ŷıûиı䣬һģͷ
򼧶˷Ӧŷ˵
ǼһһڶûԣҪǷһ˲ܣһҲԣԡ
˵ʱŷһֱĬĬ
Щ΢Ӳı鵱УԵ֪ڵġ
򼧵ϣ¶һŷҲ򼧡
Ͷ̾˿
ʵʵ˵ܽ򼧷һ£ŷΪŲԸǸ䣬ô޳ԭǽĽݾ
ȣҸ˵ûôΣգֻǱĳ˷סԣԱҲûġ
ŷȻûлػ򼧼˵ȥ
뿴һǼһߣȴһ㶼ûҮյضȹͱʾ˵ΣհɣĻ
ô˵оǲС
ƽʱ෴ƽʱ򣬻Ὺڷ˶򼧡
ɶ񡭡ôֻôѲһ
򼧲˵
ֻһԷҮʲôϵµһ˴İط˸еģҲо飬Һ
һ˵ԲԵĻһ˵ŷ
ֻİأİڲָôͣԭŷôʣˡ
ŷ־ƺ򼧵Ļﶯҡͷ˵
ǸôįĻҪҪ
̬Ⱥʼˡ
һǸġ
뵽򼧵ؿھеʹŷڸ
Ϊû壬ҲŻ˵ЩǼһﲻͨСųܵСûİ˴ߣ޷İɣ
ŷ΢˼һ£ȻЭƵͬıͷ
һ԰ɡ
ʲô
˵Ҹһԡ
ɥشͷ
㰡΢Ǽһɡ˹ǵһԷԵ𣿡
򼧣һ۸ҲխมĿˣҿúദġ
Ϊʲôȥû˼Ҫ˵ǣǼһҲеھΣΪ˹ӵѡ˽
˵ŷ
˫ͻȻ¶еܾƺ򼧵ֵˡ
̻Լ˽δŷǿŮ˰ɡ
֪ɾ鷳ˡ
Χ˺⣬򼧸ûŮģеֻǱ
򼧷ֶּԻҲûãǸıսԡ
ΪʲôУ˵ɡ

λŷ죬ڵõش֮ǰһֱضŶԷ
̣򼧿ŷ֮ϡŷҲ㡣
Ƶ̾ڻص
ΪΣա
Ҳ˵ˣ
ָĲá
ס
򼧱ŷϵĻһ
˵ϣ¶ȣ
ŷ޿κε˵ȥ
Ϊʮֵһֱ޷˵ڡһĲڴ
ŷĻüͷ
Ĳָ𣿡
š
ⲻȻʥ޵п˵İȻޱǸرĴڣǾͻ˸ܵǿҲ޿ɺǵİɣ
򼧣鲻ģ޵Ϣ൱֡
֡
һɻŷת˼ͷ
˵Ҿ֪Ĳһ
޷ŷе˼Ƕʵߡ
ŷ¶ĳµı顣
ָоǸ񡣡
ŷĿȾȷŵɫʡ
Ӧҵһοʱĸо
ޣ
仰˫ۡ
ŷڿƯƣ·˼ĳЩ顣
޻ڽ˹ม
ѵޣ
˵
˵˹Ӳ١˺üֻޡ
Ǹ⣬ֳһֻޣŷôҲǺϺİɡ
֮Ҳ΢˼һ¡
ǡȴûдϸоϢ
˵ŷҡͷķԡ
ΪﲻǡƷ޲Ǽڣ㲻ϸܵʲôϢ
ǣղ˵Ǵϣ¶ڡ
ԣΪ޼ϣ¶ȵ֮
֮ܡ
ǡƷʥ޲ߵĲ졣
˵ҲȷʵɢһϢʲôҲо
ǰδеĴڸвϢ

һ²üͷ
ҵȷдϸоĳֲѰķΧϣ¶ȴʲôҲûо
һʱܵһвûдʧȥʶϣ¶ϸоͬϢ
ŷ˵
ѽʲôоһ˯Ƶذǡʱ֮˴Ĳżȫȵǿมңǹǿ
øǿ
ڳɳ
Ļ򼧾Ȳѡ
ɳ
Ҷôǿҵĸܣһظоม˵лӰ죬㡣
Ҳûоò
ڣһһֱûӰ졣Ϊ㲻ʥ޲ߣԴû֣쳣มޱҾ޻Ƚ
ŷƽһɣû뵽Ȼ˵ֻ벻
ôᡭ¡
Ѿ޼޵ѾȻЩ޷ƽ
һ߽ϵӣһ˼
ް
ϣ¶ȾĳΪ巨ʿصʱ;úܲƺøӼˡ
뱻׶ֵܼüе
ֶֻҪֻ͹ˡ
ʱͻȻһ¡
̲סһ֡
ˣ࣡
ϣ¶ڵǹ޵飬ֻҪȥͬӵ޵ͺ
˼ðĵŷ뷨
ŷһ򼧣·ģܿɡ
ע⵽ŷķӦһ롸⡹һֹͣ˼
ţΪζװʳŷ
֪ˣͽɣչˡ
һ˵һ߻ŵܻط䡣



ˡ
򼧻صſϳ˼
ΪղżŰװŲ͵ŷԿո״̬ȹ糿˼Ҳģ
ķ便ﰡ
ڹ谭ˡ
ֻѯŷÿζ򼧽ʱƶ棬ҲΪüԲ뿪
һ¡
Ǿڲ֮ǰΪܵܵļıϳһռĵطס
õޡü̳ʥ֮Ȩ֮󣬾ٶȻص
򼧲֪ķ
ҪĹѰңʵ̫ˡҪ˻ڹȥпܱŷ֡
뵽һð취
һɥȷûоǵĵس
¡ôˣ
รе
зյĻֻҪģһᾡ
Һܸл⣬ӦҲû취
λƽǽ򼧷ڵһ˳λŮûסֲ˵
ô˵õĵģҰɡֻҪ΢Ϲæ˵Ҹء
֮󣬾˵˵һı鿪ڡ
࣬Ҳ֪ķ
˫ۡ
ѽ𣿡
ȵĿͺûʲôˣ򼧲̧ͷ
ףò֪ɡ
ѹǣȻͷ˵
Ҳ֪µķÿ綼ͥ˯ม
ﾪȲѡ
𣿡
ǵġ
ʲôʱڣ
š֮˯ӦǸսʱ̰ɡ
򼧲סȵ֡
Ů֪ʱȷʵս˹ǹڲˡ
лл˴æʱһϾ͹ȥҪŷรΪϣ¶ȵеɡ
ͷ
֪ˣ¡



򼧸ȸϢһ;ͼæͥȻ̿ʼѰӰ
ȻǸͥ˹ǹͥ԰ʵ̫ˡ
Ұ޵涼ϸѰңҲҵˡ
ɶ񡭡
ͣסŲԱжԷ֡
ι࣡

ߵĺǷͷϴ
˭˯Ү
˵
̧ͷͿһ۾һ߳
򼧺ɵһԡ
Ҳ£档
˵ޣ
ƺɢ⣬ֻ¶ȵı顣
ţǰ
һͷץץԼͷ
ߣҪû¾ͳֵĻҵ޲ʧȥϡټֵļһ˭ֿŵĶ˹ǵģ
νشңôõ޵ģ
пܰ¸㣿ҪѧҵĻҿܲˡҪǱ巨Ǽһ֪ĻҪô죬ò赲Ǽһõޣͻصԭ𣡡
Ҫô˵ˣ¹ҵðҲܡ
ֻ²Уɡ
ûת԰ˡ򼧱ͲΪô򵥽ԼĻȥû뵽ô̡
룬㿴ŷ治ֵܡ
ǣһ򼧴ͷɥģ֮ͻȻ¶ıı顣
šˣȻôңҾͰ㿴ֻްɡҲҵǲͬһࡣ
ټذڳЭ̬ȣɻ
ôͻȻ˵ֻôˣ
ʲô飿
ԷòԸæȴ򼧿ʼ̬ȴеðɡ¶ı顣
򼧽Żص
û¡
ƿҲû˵񶨵Ļ
Ҫ˵뷨Ȼһھܾ˽޵ֻꡣ
ȻԸ⣬Ҳֻˡ



򼧴࣬ϣ¶ȵķ䡣
˹ǵĵһһţž֮ǰ󲽿
ϣ¶ߵһͻȻÿͣ¶顣
ûбֳȤ
ֱֱڼ޵ϣ¶ȡ
Ժජһ
һŵעһһ
ͻȻֱ۾һļͬʱ򼧿ߵĶ
ʮϤĶ
ŵסϢ
ֺԥذγĴ󽣡
򼧸ܵ䣬жĶĴ󽣳һµʱȫͬ
ش۶ϣƬڵذɢ
򼧱ϣ¶ֳɫ׵ŭ
㡭ôͻȻ£
Ҫ򼧵ķӦٳһ㣬ϣ¶Ⱦͻ̳Ϊ˹ͬˡ

۲ͼ

ľ˴
㡢һ˵ʲô㿴һʼôǸ˲ŵļһ
򼧵ŭƺûдԷ
ſǼһȻһȥ
ɲģô£
Ǽһỽֻ
ʲô
ĻȫӲ
ǰΣյЦݡ
ҿһ۾֪ˣǵȷǽ˹ǵޣҲֻ
򼧸໰˼
˵ʲô
ûлشֻ۾ų˯˫۵ϣ¶ȵ
ı˵ȷʵĳ򼧲׵
˵
ڵް˵ߡ
仰򼧵ɴ˫ۡ
ߡ𣿣
࣬·Ҫ̽仰壬ҲòͬͶ򼧡
ȸҸ棬֮ǰһɱȻͻᷢ޷̬ม
ʲ
Ծȹͷ˵
Ļɱ
п£
ڲɱᷢ޿ص¡
ʲô˼
ŮˣŷͬСɵ񡣡
úô󽣡
˫׼۾ûκ㯡
ؾֱۣȻ·𽫷ش¡
򼧱ϣ¶ȣôõؿٶȿ쵽۾Ҳ׷ϵĴǰˣͷ¡
ˣ㡭
ֻһ˻ӵõﻹиϣ¶ȣ޷ܡ
漴þȻ˫۲ñǰ
ܵپãһûá
ȡ֮Ǽž
΢΢ۺ˸ֹɫâԾ
Χ൱谵
򼧹ڵϣذĴбòͬƬذ岢Ǽϣ¶ȡõʮķ䡣
ĵذϾɱʯͷУʪζ˵λڵصס
ûࡣ
âǡ
ĳ򼧽ת΢΢׹⡣
Ƭ׹һ꣬Χɢ
֪Ƭâʲô

ˮ
صԹĹŴֲ˼ʯͷʯͷĹâͬĹ⣬嵱ɢ
򼧷Ӳ

ԷֺתлûпС
ǵ򼧵ߣƺܹ
ǡ
ðݡɸߴߡ
ϣ¶ȾҪʱΪֹץס֡
ʱзɫаУͬʱоһߡ
ͬǰ
㡭˭
򼧲



·򼧵Ӧһ㣬ɫĹâͻȻʧ
ڴͬʱƵع򵽵ϡ

֧壬ѹ򼧵ֱϡ
һ̧ͷʱ򼧿Ϥ
ǡ
ǰ
һӶĸоͷ
ϸղͻȻֵĹģ֪ĳǳơ
ŷ˹
ӡŷڵһ˸
ŷ˹ͬࡣ
Ҫ˵ɵĻΪÿʱ˲оһƺܰĿ־С
ϵĶ롺Ǹͬ
ǡ
̲ס뱧ͷ
ôұ˺񣬵Ȼֵطһ𣿣
ĳ̾
š
ԡ
Ȼһ¡

򼧴Сʶ
ۺʱάԼķ
Ӧû˸񣬲ܽ
򼧴߽ʮ꣬Ψ
Ȼˣʲô
򼧽Ŀǰһʧ״̬
ƺָʶصϡ
ʹ֡
ô£
ʵ
㵽ײʲô
򼧵Ϳ˫תȻۡ
ûֻ֪
ǣסҡͷ



5  ֮Դ

صľĬûгܾá
Աߴһ
ѽѽһΪ˭ˣԭǣ
һ
⡢ǡ
Ȼͷһԭֵվǰ
Ȼûʲôĵɫͷ۾ȴƮɢһ˾ѰɫķΧڽ˹ĳ˾ۼĵӪһ̣Ǹꡣ
ﲮء
һȵؽԭء
ô¡ǼһΪʲô
㵽ôˣΪʲô
ﲮ֮¶ı顣
Ҫ˵ġڱ˼ʲô
ʲô
ˣҼǵ֮ǰΪջ֮ǰǷĲǰȥݷáû뵽Ȼصǲ֧׼Ѿأ
ﲮصĻһ
ҡ
ʶػΧ
ϸһŷϾɵʯ췿ֻǸ²ֿ⡣
Ϊ˹ǹҲйϵʯ췿䣬ȫﵱɹķ֮һˡ
һãȻ
ֱղŶڽ˹ǹﰡ
Ϊʲô
µΪΡӶأ
򼧸еɻʱ򡭡
ôˣ
ôһʣ򼧲ԼĿǰ״
࿳Ĵ󽣣ֻбסãøղŵƱϣ¶ȡ
˵һʶϣ¶
ʵϣڲ֮ǰϣ¶˲鷳
ˣԷ֮ĹϵҲûǵ˵һУĬ
Ҿ˵ͻᶮ𡭡
ʱͻȻһ㡣
ˣȻǸɵˣڽҪͷҲ𣿣
һǵΪֹĸ飬򼧾;ʵڲǸĶ
οҲΪ᲻رظЭڵľ˵ֻҪһ
ңǽ˹ǹɣ
򼧻ȷһ¡
ȻҼû
ǱǸʱšΪ˺ܶ飬ʱܻع
ţؿͻķÿ͡ϣ¶ȡȻ󣬵ﲮصǰʱ򼧷˫ۺȻг״
ղǡʲô˼
񲢷ǻɣҲ䱸ǿһܾǰʶˡˣȴŲܻӭĿһ˾ġ
Ȼѯ֮ǰﲮؾȿˡ
ǱȽϺðɡ
Ϊʲô
Ļ˵֮õĺõص㣬Ҿò̫ð
ʲô
ﲮͻȻ˵ֵĻ޷˼
Ļ˵Ǻõص㡭
Ҫ˼ʱ򼧵ʶ
ҪҪŷأңһҿɿม
ףǸ
̾˿
㲻Ҫŷ˵
Ϊʲô
ãҲܰ
ﲮ֮Ȳѡ
Ѳλ𣿡
ܡ
ϡ氡˵ԸŽءǸһյŷҲᳳܰ
ﲮԿų볲Ƶ򼧽
ͻȻ
ԽԽԶˡ
òϣ˰ɣ
˵Ϊϣ¶ϴθ˺ܶ鷳
ΣҵҲֻʱϵ⣬ҪĻڲŻҲ޼¡
֪ˣûϵͻȻ汧Ǹ
ֻ֮뿪ˡ򼧴±ϣ¶ȡ
ʱﲮͻȻϣ¶ȱ

̧ͷ
ǰ¶Īκεı飬Ȼ׳һɡİʾ
šصصˣҲûôģȱɡ
˵Ϳ



ﲮرϣ¶߳ʯֿ⡣
Ҳŵ׼ں档
ӰʱͻȻӳС

֪ΪŲ
߰ɡ
ҡͷ
ôˣ㲻ȥ𡭡
ֲһֱﰡº͵Ȱ˵
ҪģﲮȻǸɵļһǲΣร֮ǰҲȹһء
ҡͷ򼧷ƺЩʲô
Ǻﲮأǿ־Էһߡ
һ߲һ򼧵ļ򣬷·ʾҪһߡ
޷ȫԸ
ǺܵǰǸӡ
ǵ˵ߡ
һҲûɡ뷨С
һ
Ҹղšʲô
Ȼֻһ˲䣬ȴɡ
ע⵽ԼΪжüͷ
Ϊɢ飬ץסֱȻס֡
֮һ߰ɡ



߳ҡʯף̤Էһ䷿֮󡭡
Ҳûͽͷķ羰
ľɫ
ʲ
ǰһƬյ
һľɫ˵ˣҲûֻлɫĿռȥ
ʲô
Ȼıѯʡ
ﲮϣ¶ڸҵĴ֮˻򼧽Ŵ֮󣬾赭д˵
ม档
һ㶼İɣʲôط
򼧱ȫΪǴĵطﲮǼ̵ĵ²ֿ⡣
ֻҪ¥ݾһٴǼĵ̡
ǡ
ﲮزе򼧣һů¯ˮȣһ߻ش
ѽֻǸԪѰ
Ԫ졭
ǸֻңҲᱻκ˴ŵĵطǸõطɣռִ˵ҪЩеΣյʵҲ
Σյʵ顭
ʱ㷢Լķ䲻ͨķ䡣תͷܡ
䲻ܵذϣҵضСɽһߵĹ顣
ǽϹŴСһƤֽľ塢Ƥ̺ĸƷ涼дŻ޷֡ǺŻͼ
ϷŵǹͷСʯӡɢϢĴ
ô˵أܾ÷ĶһĶûʲô
һֵĶ
򼧽ͣһûдκֵķֽƬϡ
มǵͼ
ʲôҲûд
ǿŻֵġڰҹеرĻȥĻͲκม
ǸϡŹֵĶ
˵รĶȫǷƷжϲҶ
ҲҪ˵䷿䵽ô£
һʣﲮؾЩͦš
šԳ֮ΪϲҰɡ
￴㲻ĵ䷿ʲô졣
ԲκδšԼ£ҺҪĵطร˼ᵽġضֶѨأҲеıΪѷ죬ͨԪĴšӦҲ֪ɣǰûʹõסҲһֵطڽ˹Ǻܶม
һﲮ˵һɥָץŲ
ôֵط
˵Ӧڽ˹ǹΪʲôֵط
ӦòʲôŽǴİɡ
ţһۡ
ƺ㣬Ŭ͡
ڰɡ
ϣ¶ڵ޲ƷΣնʣµĿԾֻһˡ򼧿Ҫȷϡ
ǰͻȻ˸ˡ
ôһҲضϣ¶ȵķ䡣
ֻͬһ㣬ų
ı鴫ݳȷĿ־壬Ҳ΢΢زš
ôˡ
ʶȻ
ûлͷֻרĶһ
򼧸еɻڿӡȷʲô

סϢ
ԭʧȥʶϣ¶ȣ֪ʱڴ۾
ϣ¶ȡ𣿡
ǣģ˵ĹС
ƽһ򼧣˫۾ͻ˿صػؿԷȴýӽ顣
ֱĶ
ﲮز֪ʱ˵
Ҫء
ѡ
Ϊѯ仰˼ػعͷȥﲮ˫ģϣ¶ȡ
˵ѣӦ˵ڿҪƿǶ˰ɣ
仰򼧸еȡ
㿴ó
ţû
ȻѾˣʱҲﲮǸŵˡ
ǰ
ΪʲôԼ֮ǰûע⵽أ
Ӧû֪ɡ
ǰ뷨
漴ǰ˫ۡ
Ҳ֪ϣ¶ʲôޣ
Ļشϵɡ
ţǰ
Ϊʲô˵
Ϊûʰ
ƭˣ˵԰ɣ
ﲮε̾˿
ԲҲ뱻鷳£ϲƽ
Ҳ鷳ϹϵǼȻȥҲû취
£Լѡ鷳ม
ﲮؿϣ¶һ֮˵ƿԡ
ôһ˵ȷ򼧵㣬ߡ
㣬Һϣ¶ȵ׷ʲô¡ʲôϣ
ѾжԷϣ¶ȣԷˡ
ֻ֪ԼĶʲô
ߵע֮£ﲮز¶Ͷı顣
Ҫôźء˵һŵ
ŵĹعŶһ㶢ϣ¶ȵ

Ҳ˵ԹʹڵĽ˹ʥЩͬ
ﲻͬ
һ˵˹ǵʥ޶ֱӡ١ʥȴڡƷڳɳ
ɳ
仰֮ٴοϣ¶ȡ
˵⣬ŷҲ
˵֮ɢ޲ǿ
ֻ˵޾˯һ
ﲮͶȷϵ֮ͷ˵
ţƺǳס߸˵ࡪȻǸյôݣ˵ûӦñȽȷɡ
û
Ҳ˵һ
ţࡣ
ŷʱĻ
˯ߵͬʱҲڳɳ𣿣
ʮְ·Ⱥŷеĵĳʱѿ
Żƽȵĸܣڳɳ
ǡ
ʱˡ
ŷΪʲôҪϣ¶ȵֵزʽ޻ްΪʲôҪ䱸
һ¡
¡
Ϊʲôɱϣ¶ȣǼһ˵ϣ¶ȵߣ
ﲮ֮¶еı顣
ѽѽλӾȻ˵ô˲Ļ
ڲʱ˰ɣΪʲô޻ߣʥԭӦûʶŶ԰ɣΪʥʥ޲߿Ʋ֡
򼧽ͣ
Ȼþȵıͷá
ˡڲϣ¶ȵ𣿡
ȷ˵ûгֲݣΪ޻û
򼧻ߴõɫ˿ƿ󣬽ﲮص۾
ǣޡ١ˡ
˵û
Ǽһﻹڵȴ𣿵ϣ¶ȵ޾ѡ
ǰ¡
ȻĻǼһҪȡӦҪϣ¶߲а
ﲮؽ˵
ﰡںܽĵط
ܽ
漴һ¡
ϸȻı顣
һꡣ
㡭
ûлش򼧵Ļ
ֻǾͷ޷֪ı顣
ֻ൱ľĬ
ܾԼָ֪о
ڲõԤг֮ʱǰδ֡

ӦƵ̧ͷ
ҪԼ˵ôܡǰԵط䡣
һųģ겢ǰ
վģǸ¶Цݵİˡ

۲ͼ

ΪĳЩųʹʧˡ
ողʧġ
򼧽ҧ촽
˭
ЦӦ򼧵⡣
֮ͬƵأűЦ
ǾУ㲢
ĳ
ǲӵеġ
ֱ
򼧷ֱ֮󡪡ȷ˵ϣ¶һ뿪֮󡭡
Ϸĳ䡣

򼧵Ժ︡ʡ
šǰش
ûҲǸʶˡ
԰ɣ
ûлش⣬ֻҪıͿס
ȻЦš
תھҵǰδдܹʹһֱ
ŷɣȻ
޷ȥһСһ𳤴Ҫ֮ˡ
Ȼ
򼧺òײż
ޡ١ϣ¶ڵ𣿡
ǰͷ
ҡ
¶ĿĴڣٴסϢ
ôһϣ¶ȵļ䡪ס𡪡
ΪʲôһֻǸͨ࣬ҲûǸֻиԿȡˡ
ӻش
ûǸֵһ࣬ųǸȤûмֵصͨࡣ
ԷֵĻǿҵķŭ
˱˵壬˵ֻ
ǲ壬򼧿»ʹԷɡ
ǿס
Ȼ˵Ϊλ
Ҫ⸱òȻûаֵȴֻ⸱òô
˵ò
ϣ¶Ծ˫ûо۽۾ſУòƵϡ
ҪõǸŮڵޣҪġ
ġ
򼧲˽⻰壬üͷ
ǡ١ޣ֪޲ͬԼ˲һǵʥ޲ߣҲҪǿ
ƽ˵š
Ҫ˵ɣǸΪƷŮԼѡĶ󣬽ΪԼߡ
仰򼧵ɴ˫ۡ



Ʒѡˡ
򼧸ͷһĻ
ˣǸŮʻѡˡ
˼
ΪΪԡ
ǰϣ¶ϲ
Ҫ˵һ˽ĳ̶ȡ
Ϊ¡
Ͷȡһ
ⲻС£ǱʲôҪ¡
Ҫ
˵ʲôѻûãΪѡǡƷꡣ㡴ƷѡֻҪѡ񣬶ҡƷһѡˡ
ϣ¶Ѿûйļ䡭
ûǸŮ֪㣬ԸһΪ˽ΪֻҪô˾Ͳᱻѡаɣ޴
޴
ʹʧȥ䣬ɴڡֻҪ͹ˣΪѡġ㲻ǵãǸŮҲھѵ˲һ۾ѡˡ
ԣҪϣ¶ڵ޾֮ǰͻϣ¶ߡ
ҧס촽
Ҳڵϵҵϣ¶ȡ
ǰǵĳһ죬ǸŮֿܳռŤͻȻʧһǵ޷ĵط
˵صס˹𣿡
ΪҲ޷áƷص˵ϡ
ΪżȻ;밢˹𣿡
Ц˳
ΪżȻ𣿡
֮Ȳѡ
ʲô
ǸŮѪģ֮ͬѪ
ӵĻ򼧵һ
ô
ǾͲʲôޣ
˵겻ŵʥš
һ΢ǵע֮ŷһͬ͵
ǲԭԤõ
׼õġ
ȴûϱӦýܵȫһĵط
˹Ҫһŷء
򼧵˻ص˽˹ǣǱ϶Ϊ˴˷ͬƽص֮䣬ֱڻûзֳʤ
ҪõʥʸǼһлҲҪŷء뵽㣬ĳЩ־;ܡ
ʵϲˡ
Ҫ
ûнǺȥĻԹھͲ𡭡
һ˼ˣؿھһʹ
ȻļȴȻ档
ˣ򼧻ɢȻǰġʡ
ΪʲôҪϣ¶ȡ
Ϊʲôѡϣ¶ȣӻش򼧵ʡ
ǸŮӵ֮ˣҪ˹ǵӶ֮ǰȵõ
˼š
ԭֻн巨ʿضϣ¶ȵ֮ˡ
ӵôһ𡭡
˳۵òϣ¶ȶĳЩ˵ֻǵõĵ߶ѡ
ϣ¶ǰǸ̾š
̾ԼˡɵĽеĽԼǱųؼ˸е
òӵߣԵʱϣ¶ȶȫû塣
ΨһԸ̸ֻȻء
ȻԸֱûʵ֡
ûбһˣҲûбŮԡֵֹ𣿣
򼧽ȭͷ
ǡ
ˣҲֻһĿġ
ǾǳΪʥõλ
ǰӵĿӦò
ĻĿʲôҡ
ʲô
ʱʲôƵؽƵǰ𵭵Ĺâ
򼧿ǵɫĹâ
Ŀ⾰򼧸еѣ
ǹˮһ
һ۾ˡ
ܹǹӦòڵϡ
ǡ
ңԶ̫ʱͱе塣
˵ţϻ¶·Ʋ˵İ顣
仰۾
Ǻܾ֮ǰصףΪ֮õĹŴĩᡣ
򼧶еĻסϢ
仰
ˮԹ˹ġĩᡭ
׿˵˲ŵĻ
Ҫ˵ɡ
ȵȡǲȫ𣿡
ǰԶʱΪ֮õסĶг˵صס
ҾȫΪĳ˵Ķħֶ֮ˡ

һУǰ֧Ŵľ޴඼Се񶼳˵¡
ڵص׿ľɫһңֻԳΪġżĲ
򼧵ע֮¼˵
ڵϵ֮ɢء˳ǰأϵҲȫתɲ̬ͬǸǡ

򼧾˵
ʷݣǰˮ֧һеĹŴҲ޷սʤ˥ˡ֮ͬһطĽ˹ǣҲӭͬ˰ɡ
Щ۾
ͬˣ
˹ǲǿˮǵõ޲֧磬˥ˡҲˡ
ӶסϢͶЦݡ
Ϊҵ֧ȨԶ𣿸ûν÷٣һг綼ḯ࣬ǰǸŴһھͻᷢ
ҧס촽
ô֪ڻᷢ
ͬ˹ǰȡ˰˹νµȡ˹ǡʷǷݡ

һʱ
˹ǻΪʲôô϶
ӵе൱ᡣ
ûеġޡ
ʱµ֮塣
Ҳ˵ǰӰ˹ֳת̬һֵҲ˳Ӧոʱı仯
øյȫӵвòݵսɡһơأһС
ʱ뵽һ¡
޲ӦŷĺҵҲ
һֱΪΪ޲ͬġƷ֡
ܹһο顪ûܻӦ޵ڴһֱֳĬ
ǡ
ô죿
޵ľٶأ
ҪѾ˥ϵĻ
ԼڵΪһֱûж
ػѾǿˡҪҲ޷˹ǡ
ǡȡ˹ǵ𣿻أ
ƽȵش
ǲߣǸ֮ˡ



6  η֮Ų

ͻȻӺ󷽾

򼧱ܵزΣգ
Χǽںһͬʱ飬һݶҲΪҵĳʧԴ컨֮ա
ǰˣȻվƬĹ⾰֮С
ʵɫâ·һȫ
̫֮ʯħͬ
е򼧱
Ҳ˵ҪϿǼһɱ
֮ŵתȥ
˹ǵĵһѴ󽣿ڼϣ¶ѷЦݡ
󷽵ǡ
ǡ
򼧷ȵĽ
˹ǵĵڶӶ
վõĽ巨ʿԱߵǡ
ŷ
ƽʱһᵣĵܵߣΪʲôȴֻǾһ￴أ
򼧼ľٶ֮иеһʹ
𡭡Ҳǡ
ΪҲԾҲŷ
򼧣˵
ҿûɵȡƷڵ޷ร
ҫ˷ܵĹԡ
ֱֱǰȤꡣ
ԣν
Էʵ˵Ҫġ
ضӵòӡ
һϲľѲƺͻȻת˵꣬
ԷǸʺϡϷĴڰɡ
ȴﲻͬǵߴȫһɫʡ
ŷ巨ֱԲͬı鿴
ǵĹͨ㣬˶ʼǰԱ˴˶ԣǻֻˡ
ΪͻȻԪף޷ֵͬʱˡ
ڽ˹ʷУӦҲǵһΰɡ
ǣΪʲô
ô֪ط
ﲮذҳĿռ䣬Ҳ޷׷ֲŶԣ򼧵Ҳող;
ǻشǡ
£λġ
ƶߣע⵽ﲮز֪ʱӱ̽ͷ
ʲôʱ򡭡
ѹ򼧾ǰʼͺܰ
ô£
򼧷ʺﲮؾʼ
΢ųźţΪʵû취Խ
˵̾
Ҳ޾ѵĵطϾҪղأƻһԽġ
Ѿƻ߰㣬ﲮ˵ҪĴŲ۾֮
ָĲԼƻķ䣬ҺԵ塣
Ļ˵֮õĺõص㡣
ûҲûдصĳκһطʺǸ޴Ĵھѡ
֮۾
ֱֱﲮͶȥ
Ťϵı飬񿴼ĳʮֲõĶ
㱳𣿡
ﲮͷʵ
ף˵ʲô
ߵ˰ɡ
򼧶ķԸе죬ǳԾؿһɢΧꡣﲮһȫģؿǸųϵĳˡ
˵ߣָıߣ
ŴĩԼĽ𣿡
ôǰҲûãǲѾʧ𣿡
Ϣﲮء
һƬҡ
һʲôˣ
ﲮûҵ򼧣ǰͬͶЦݡ
ҲһѾʱ֮бȫһǶ޳ֵʱ𣬾Ͳǵĩˡ
ǰУͻȻֳ֪ǷŭӵĿ⡣
Ƴɫâʱ򡭡
ǵâ罵³ͷmһ㣬Ϯﲮȫ
ẓ̌һͬʱﲮرâ͸÷顣
ֱ̫ܵտıһ˲
ʲ
ۼۼʧ˵
ô
ͻ̬򼧽ԭء
Ȼ׽˵ҲǸк
ûԷȻǰ
ѵ˵
ϵˣôǿ
ﴵڡ
ղ͡
һϵһúǰѼڼϡûսʵĴ󽣡
Ҳ˵ĸԴޡ
ע⵽Ҫնɱǲ˼͵ǰ
ȵȡ
򼧵̬ȣ¶е㲻ͷı顣
㰡㹻˰ɣֻҪɱǼһһоͽҮ
ֻǱѣ¸û塣
ɱϵĳ˴Ҳӵ
ᶪֻ
ȷ˵Դûֳ֮ǰֳ
ôһֻǰװ

ɣǼһֻҪɱǼһ㡴ƷҪѡҲѡ˰
ԣǽ˹ǵǣǰ̸һˡ
Ϊȷ֪Է֣΢۲һ״
׵Ǻ˲ж
Ϊ˵˹ǴѵԪס
ǡĻ֮͵Ц˳
ǵ糰Ц֪СĸӲЦ
ͷɡ
ʲô
תδꡣ
㡭˵ʲô
˼˵ⷴǱ˵壬㱻Ҳν
ǣղűʾûˣҲԼ
ϣ¶޶ԼҪ塣
ȴؿ
˶Է֮Ĵ󽣺ԥز׽
µĽ⽫忳롣

һ˲䣬˵˳ط
ֻӰ㱻նѵĲ˲ʧ
ˣƲ˵Ǹŵļһ
ｫ󽣿ڶϣ
ûһžúܲɡ
ıԼֱ巨һͣ
һֱĬĽ巨֮¶ĵײõı顣
ֻߣҪҸǼһΪһ̸
ȻŽ˹ǵĳӡ
ֻƾǰѽܰǿϧôǿǰѽҲɱң޷նˮһ
Ҳн޷նϵĶЦƵ˵š
޲ҪٻĻҲеԶġ

Ϊ˽˹ǵİʱ˹ȫͬԪĵط
ǵǿҪ£ΪѵشӦʱ޷ط
ˣȷ޷ٻǰ
ǸطӦҲΪ˲Գֶ˼ӣǶԽ˹ǳӵȶκ˶˭ʮӵľٶ
ÿΪֻҪһעĻԻʹޣ˹ǵĹƻûҷ
ҶӦÿ˵䲻಻Զӡ
֮ûֳ⣬ǶΧǵע⡣
ʱԼò׻ǿȴЩԽһס޷ֵĲ¶
ɶ񡫡Ȼס˵㣡Ǹйļһ
һ˵һ˫úô󽣣ȻϷ
ȥɣ
žͺػ´󽣡
ˣڷһƿľʱٶȴͷ롣
һαûնɱʵеĻӰƭߺ޵һ
ǡ
˹ǵĵһܵ䡣ԭ壬֪ʱʼָԭ״æش󽣵ȴ첻ԷĲ־аŤ
һ
һ˲䷢ķŭ֮ûд
վĵطһ޴ѿڣ˸оëȻĴԪѷ졣
漴Ǹѷû
һҲûܿ




򼧿󲻽Ȼ
û뵽˹ǵĵһӣȻô׾ͱˡ
ԼĴ󽣽֣ϹǿԽԣԲġ
ǰҲ˳൱ֵĶ
Ѿʧֻʣӡ
巨ѰĳƵضǰꡣ
ǡ
Ӧն꣬ٴɵıڱ𴦡
ȫɫ΢⡣
Ǵ˵еˮ𡭡
Խ巨˵ǰɫâһ֪
ֻ鼮п
ڻ𡭡ΪѾʧˡ
ţ罫Ʒ׸һ㽫ֵͷ̫ʱ漴Ѹٵؼеϣ
û֪Ĳȷʵô˵ǲûʧ
ˮ׵㷢ʱҲһ׹â塣
ʧȥ˰˹ΰĸ壬Ϊ˱ѳõѧϰνʯͷħ塣Ǵ̳еģԲʧܳõ֮
ʱ򼧳Ӧ
ȻͲǷҪӵ޲˰
Ҳ֪ˮ
ǹʱܳΪǿʱʳħ
ʯͷΪýʱǹѾ൱ѾʹýֱӲħôӦòҪŶ԰
ϣ¶ҲͲᱻˡ
ǣ򼧵Ļ֮ȴ˵
ǣʧȥ˰˹ߴȵˮȫΪص׵İ˹СǼϧ¡
ߴȵˮ
ˡ
Ȼд󲿷ʧȥˮֻгĲֲһɫâ󱻴ȥĵطĹŴˮҫɫΪĹâ˾Ȳѵˮԭʯ
ǵǹŨ쳣˴ĹŴħǸطת
ΪΨһʥŲ
ԭˡûп
û˰˵Ũɫ
֪ʶⲢУȴûӴʵ
֪ڵص׵İ˹ȴˮò
ӵ̶ֳȵԾɵв˹ǵ˥ޡ
۾
ˣҪı䣬ΪľǶǱӵеһС
Ҫ޵Ҳν
Ϊ˶ʧȥҫȨΪոֶعȥ˹ڵأҪʲôֶζν
ӵ۾˵š
Ⲣһ˵뷨ɡ
ļŵегԱһô롣
ܶ򼧵˵ֻǰһˣʵȴܵಢδ֮˵
ͬԹСǿҵػ塣
򼧽ҧס촽
ǡ£ĿԵõǼ𣿡
ŴСͿʼһͬദꡣ
ϣ¶ѡҲӦû壬Ϊǵͬ顣
򼧺
ļϵ׷ݵϵʱǴǶļϵмûǰȥˣҲûлκһ֧Ѫͳ
ȻˣһֱŹŴ彾˵Ǹˡ
õޣҲȫû尡
ʱЦ˳
ûдҲνϣӵʥһҲֻҪõ޵
֧Ҳûϵ𣿡
ˣֻҪڲǾˡ
֮˸
ڡ𣿣
ʲô˼
ڡƷѡ˲䣬˵ͽˣֻҪ˾ͺá

ϵ̬򼧵һ
Ҫġ𣿡
һ岻Ҫ꣬СǸȻɡ
ˡ֪Լ˵ʲô𡭡
ӦҲԼԭ塣
Ȼȴȡ壬ٻ꣬δֻȥ
ҪǾֻΪȡ޶ٵ˵
ô¡
һֱǰδ
㱻µ긽Ծ򼧲ʧȥҪڡ
򼧵ѾнҲϣҸ
Ȼ
һ㶼ԥ
ǰӵ˫û˿ԥ
˵νû塣
Ҫֻ
ϣ¶ѡˣ˹Ǿͻȷʵɡ
ڽ˹ǵйҶܵС
ǽ᳹׻ٵһУȻȫµɡ
һȽ˹ǸΪ켺
ֻҪ˫ǳЦһС߸ϵӶͿס
˹ǵȫͬ׶Ը񡪡
Ȼ
иƿʧȥĬ򼧵ļ
˹Сӽ巨վǰ
ԭˣѾˡǸ˹Ǵѵˡ
巨
ҿɲĬĬ¡
巨һֵһָ
ǰ˲ֻʥޡ
źɫëƤɫ˫۵ľǡ
ǲޣоӰģɢĪׯϵա
㿴ʥ޵ģƺûκζҡ
Ǿʥ𣿲أҪͲδӵ޵ʥ޲߶Կ㹻ˡ
з͡
巨ƺѾǰǹɲѰ
˲סϢ˵˾䣺
ȥɡ
ضԼʥ
ʥӦͬʱѹ壬Ծ
ǣǼݲûд̴ĺ
ǰһ̣Ծˮ֮ըѿ
֧ΧȥĹ֮巨ʥȫ䴩

ֻʥ޵䵽棬Żҷ
˵̬򼧳Ĭؽԭء
ôᡭ
ʥ޾Ȼô׾ͱˡ˲佫ֻʥ
ˮ𡭡
Ҫӵͬʱõޣ齫ú⡣
ڵʲô
޷ԽնɱԷ޷ʥޡ
ʣµֻһ¡
ŷܹڵ޻ѵĻ
Ҳûж
Ϊܾ򼧣Ϊ˥϶Ĭء
ʲô
ǡ
ǣֻҪ˾Ϳ֪
ȥǻ
Ϊһס
Լϣ¶Ȳ֮ͬ˷ǳС
ԭΪƷ
֪޼Ҳ޷ֹͣɡ
ڡ
ʵûбܾĻ
΢򼧵Ĵڡ
һȻе
ŷ
Ծһξŷ
ʹڵޣ
ŷ֮ɴ˫ۡ
򼧡
ͻķŵˡ
ڵްɡ
ŷҡͷӦ򼧵Ļ
û취ġ
ֱ֪ڣ޵ȷӦҵǡ
ǣʹù޵
һĴ󽣽ʱ
ڶΣսʱ򡭡
޵ԡ̬չֳ
ȥ˹ġƷУֻһ֮ܽʵչֵΰǾɡ˹
ҲܹʹͬĶ
򼧾ֻʹù޵޾ͲٻӦ򼧵
ˣΪֹУֻ֮ܲɡ˹򼧡
ҪĵԸĻ˵ҲӦ
ŷ򼧴ϣ޴ڡ
Ļ˥ϵ޾ͲܻлӦ
Ҫǲκ˶ϣõޣ޾ͲзӦ
ɡ˹򼧵Ĳֻ㡣
򼧹ԼڵޣΪǸżΪǿĴڸеʮֺ¡
ȻǳҪ޵Ƿݿ־׵Ժ
ǰΪΪ
Ҫûˮѹ޷Ǹж
ŷ仰֮΢΢Ӱ
ˣŷԾԡ
ȻиֳԻԥȴΪʵ򼧵Ըж
ŷᵲǰ
ǣһ˲䡪

ҵʹ೯Ϯ
о޵ԼŤ
޲ûһжļֻ۾ľ޴󲨶ڲഫ˳
žž񶯵Ǳʾܾأ򼧲á
ֻ֪޷Ӧŷĺ
ĳֶֹڵչ˫
ŷϵִ֮̽ƿ
򼧣еġ
ŷһ뿪򼧵ʹʧˡ
򼧲ǵأŷæֱۡ
ҧ˫
û⡭һΡ
Ȼ൱ʹ࣬޷ܡ
һ뵽ʹսܹ͡
ԭڡ
зӦˡ
˷Ӧ
ŷĺзӦˡ
ֻҪڵ΢зӦһпԡ
ǡ
ŷҡҡͷ
ܹΪĸ̫ˡ
û¡
Ҳ˵ˣϣ¶ȵ޶ڵ޻вõӰ죬ȥ˵ᱻڵѹ
ˣԾͲ
νԿȥᡭ
Ұ첻
ŷ
ҲҪ

ŷʹԕw촽ͷ˵
򼧣Ǹ
ǡȳʹ򼧻Ҫ̫ܵʹࡢˣ򼧲סϢ
ˣҡ
Ҫһ㣬ŷҲͬҪ򼧡
Ҷ˵˹ֵĻ
޷ɱҲ޷ɱϣ¶ȡ
ȴŷȥ¡
һһ뱣ˣȴŷ顣
Լô˽뷨ء
Ǹ
㼷
Ĳڵ˵첻
ȵĻں˵໰
ôźá
Թ𡭡
򼧽ץסŷ½
ֻǽץţֲ뿿ǰȥ򽫶Է
пҴģ޷ĴܸС
Ҳ˰ɡ
ǰЦš
նЦݡ
õ֮ġôҵ̫ء
ŷĿתؿ¶Цӡ
ΪףԷʹ˽ϣ¶֮˶ɱ
ء
ҧ˫
ʧȥеϣ
ʱˡ
ûע⵽ǰѸٴӰ
һ˲䡪
ҵʹĳ򼧺󷽴̴塣
ʲ
ĳ򼧸еȻ
Ϊȷ϶תͷ
վǰǽ巨
巨Ľ̴򼧡
ӱᴩĽɸ̽ͷѪһεԽ¡
㡭Ϊʲô
ʱ򡪡
ΪʲôҪ򼧡
ý˹Ǳȡ
˵仰ʱ򣬽巨ûһ˿ԥ
γ
ţ򼧵ʧȥ֧Űб
嵹ŷС
ŷ
ŷֲ
ֺȻֹͣԭֻҪ򼧵֣ıĿİֱֱǰ
ͻȻ˾µա
·Ϣ·˪һиƵؽʴΧ
򼧾ԼڱĻС
̧ͷܸоаϢ
Ȼʹǰӹɽתֻǰֱǰˡ
Ҿ޴Ĺ֮ǹֱָҫ
˸Źâĳǹ̴վں󷽵Ľ巨š
ŷ˹
򼧵ĺͣЪ֮ʱ˵֡



7  ѡ

˹ǵڶӵһ˸񡪡ӵΪŷ˹
׶ԸĸʹáŷԿ׽ӡ
Ǹ˸ٶȳˡ
򼧲ûпûжŷ˹ǳ巨
巨屻֮ǹᴩȻǵص󷽣ȴҲס塣
򼧷
㡭
һֱ
巨ûж򼧳֡
ΪôͻǸþѵѹ
ȴ֡
򼧲ʹ࣬˳
㡭Ǳ𡭡Ȼŷ˹
򼧵Ļ巨ס촽
³ѪԾɼ˵
ҵѪ
Ǿ˸Ļ
ǡΪ˽˹ǣǡ
Ϊ˽˹
Ϊŷ˹𡭡
ˡ
ԼġƷܵ˺ŷ˹ڽ巨ļ֮ˡ
ǡ
ŷ˹ᱣ˹𡭡
Ҳͬʱ򼧽ҧ촽ȻƿԷħԵֱץ򼧡
ŷ˹תȻվŵĽ巨ָٶȷų⡣
εĳý巨嵱ˡ

󱿵
ԼѺôΣյĶעϣǸ󱿵
Ȼϣڲֵϡ
ڵϵĽ˹ǵӾٶ
ŷ˹һĻ֮󣬲ת
ԳȤıǰͻȻתꡣ
ԭˡǸŷ˹ȷױġ
Լ׵ܵܺɱУЦݡ
и΢Ѳĵ˳֣úܸˡ
ֻ۾
ҲֻǸͨʥ޲ߣ̫֮ǰǺСġ
ԳЦ߿ŶԷһֻûмֵĳų
ǡ
ŷ˹ǰЦ
̫֮𡭡
ճһֱֻۣȻζȻؿԼ֡
ľٶϵı˱仯
ʲôЦġ
֮ǰͬ
ˣȻ˽⡣
ԼǰĴǸ
˵Ķԣܲ
ŷ˹Цݡ
һ˲䣬йŷ˹ڳ³»Ƶؾ衣

ǹǰʹõͬɫâ
ô¡
ˮ
ŷ˹õؿ˵
ôβֵø˵㣿㻳źǿ󰢶˹ءҿʶ˸ߴˮม
һһҫ塣˸ϸСһҵת
ΧĿҲ޷ĳžžط
ڱе޷ȵľ޴Ҹסܡ
ôᡭ
޷ŵ
ڼģ˼Уһ¡
ˣŷ˹ˮԹнˮ
ȡ˲ڸˮҲŨԶĹŴˮ֮ħ
顢һʣȫߡ
㳢ζɡ
еˮƵϸУŷ˹Ծ֡
ͬɢɫһˮһӾ
㵵ıɢ
֪վǰǸôµ
Ǳܵᵽ£һ
ǣ̱ȡ
˸ϲá
ȻеӮˡ
ѹԵʤеУϸЦݡ
ǵġƷˡ
仰Ȼ̧ͷ
иӰվŷ˹ĺ󷽡
ǸڶɫĽŮ
ϣ¶ȡ
ϣ¶ѾԼ˫վˡ
֮ǰż˫ʶ
ֱֱض
ϣ¶ѡȻٻޡ
ŷ˹Ӯù𡭡
Ӯġֿġ
Ӯˡʱͻԥɱϣ¶Ȱɡ
һ
ôı䶼ûá
Ѿ޷ˡ



ϣ¶һʱ֮
ͺҪʲô
ϣ¶ûԸѹסͷ
¶ʹı飬·ܵһ˲ļʹ
ߴƿ򼧡
巨ߡ
巨
ͬȷ
ʲô
򼧵ĺңԾʹսƵƴѯʡ
ֻȷϰˡ̫ˡš
巨֮΢΢۾
ϣ¶ȵľٶ
ʲô
ʲô˼˵ʲô巨£ҲǴӦΪ𣿡

仰˫ۡ
˵ʲôӦҪѡ˰
ϣ¶ɻͷ
Ҳ֪˭˵Ļ֡
ϵָԼߵ塣
㰮ˣҶ֪Ϊȫˡ
ʱϣ¶Ⱥŵһηǰò൱
ѽϸһĳӢء
ϣ¶Եı
ķӦ֮˿
ǡ
ϣ¶¶Цݡ
ÿӢҶϲû취ֻѡһˡ
ŷ˹Уһƴһߺõ֡
ϣ¶ȡ
ںֵ򼧣չ¶΢Ц
ҪѡˣҲʸΪʥˡ
Ȼȷʵת򼧡
Ҫѡˡ
ǵΪǿҵߣ򼧲סϢ
˫۾ﲻ϶κ˵İ
еֻǶԽļ⡣
ΪŽδһвԷһͬ˽
ӵߣӦûѡδŶ԰
ͬĻ
˵ҲûรΪѡġ页
ǣϣ¶ȴȷӦ
ҵֻһ¡
ϣ¶ȵ򼧡
ǾҲˡ
ãȻ仰
ӵһμ濪ʼҾͷǳǳֻҪӮˣʲôҵֻ¡
ԥĻ̵˸оȻ
˫򼧵۾дšҷǳǳˡһݻһǿҵ⡣
ǰǱˡįŮ飬ѾС
򼧴˫Уֻȡһʵ
𡭡
˵š
㱻˵Ҳָ֮ԲԹޣⶼΪ
Ҳڡ԰ɡ
ϣ¶Ⱥܾǰ֪ˡԼѡ˲䣬תƵϵһ꣬ʧȥôѹ
Ҳ޵ĻƷ
ɷ˵ؽԷ˳
ץסδԸƭöԷϤĹһС
ͬʱҲƵ
Ϊ˰ѱ˶ܣǵĵطȴһ˵Ⱥİ˾˽ȥ

۲ͼ

ԣŮ¼䡣
ΪԼʹòҲġ
ֻԲ
ΪƷѡԼߡ
ԣϣ¶
Ϊ˲Լѡ
ѡһġ
ֻռһСֵСʧȥϣ¶׳ɳ
ϲˡ񡹵Ĳ֡
ž̶ݡϲޡ
ôһ
һͲѡǸˡ
ϣ¶ΪӮĽ㣬ѡԸˡ
˹ǵڶӵΪҪѡڶͬһûõ޵ˡ
ֻһ
ҽ巨ͬӦòᱻ߻
߸ϣλκ˶ҪӣҲǷᷴʹԷ
򼧳ֻϣ¶ȣΪʲôҪС
ԭˡ
ӺҲˡ
һǱСˡ
ȼŭ𡣺ò׻һ֣ܵȴӵˡ
Ȼû취ˡļɡ
ϣ¶ȡ
ӦøʽƷ
Ѿȵ޷ȥˡ
ܷ
ԣҪסϣ¶ȵĵֿ۶Ӥֻ򵥡
ŷ˹ɲԹۡ
ħ˵Է˼θ޹ء
ֻձĿģ۵ļһٵֻ
ԣǹϳɳɵسͶ䡣
С
һ˲䣬þŷ˹ӿ
Ȼǰ
ųԼӽɫâͬʱʧȥʶ



8  

ع򼧷ԼԼҷĴϡ
գۡ
ɫ˫Ͼ֪ǰһǱˣŷŷ˹
֮¶Цݡ
ȻŤȴܳءǣϲûеʱ鵽ļʹ

ŴӴȻһ˼صͷԼ塣
Ӧñ巨Ľ̴ȴû˿ڡ
ֻΪʧѪеͷʹ
ѯŷ
𣿡
ŷҡҡͷ
รҡ
еûĵ˵
һְɡ
޵ġ
֮ԳΪҲܳΪܡ
ŷ򼧻ָƵ˵š
ôڵж𣿡
ɣΪ˱㡣
𡭡
޻޷򼧵˼ж֪΢˱仯
Ҳ򼧱ĸı䡣
Ϊ֪еϲá
ͻȻһ¡
ˡǼһô
󿴵ʱǸӸʱΪʹྪȣԾôʧȥʶ
źʧˡ
ʲô
仰򼧵ɴ۾
ʧˡ
Ŵ
ô󡪡򼧲ûﵽ
ɱǸӸ
ŷؿŲһʹü򼧡
Ҳ֪ö˵Щʲôɡ
򼧽ŶԼ˵
ûġֻҪϣ¶ȲѡǸӦþͲٵꡭ
⵽ЩԼԸսȭͷ˼һ¡
ʱת̧
һ¡
ǣϣ¶ôˣ
มչ˽巨
չ˽巨
㲻һûޱԺม
ǻ𡭡
ţǿˡ
𡭡
ŷ˹û𣿻ûлҪأ
˵ֻΪǰиȤŶԽ巨ʧȥȤ
֮ܶ巨Ǹ൱˵ˡ
򼧽תŷ
ϣ¶ѾˣΪǺѡǽ˹ǵӡ
֪
ŷĿƿСؼ̻ش
򼧴仰Ŀһ㣬Ǿŷϡ¶˺ܲõı顣
ŷôˣ
ŷԾɱߣȻ˵
ҲñǸ
򼧲仰˼еɻ
˭
Խ巨
Ļ۾
ȶԲˣ治ŷ硣
ŷԼ㱻öҩɱȴԵܼܵΪŭ
Ϊ˽˹ǣŷҲԭɡ
ͽ˵ǻţҪڵûжĻˡ
Ϊ򼧶ŷ֪Ϊβ
򼧸ʱһĵؿ
̾˿
ȡĶֻ巨һ˰ɣ
ŷҲ򼧸е
˵ŷſ
Ϊ㡭Ϊ㱻ŷ˹ɱ
仰ŷָ˭
ǸʱΪ嵽ŷ˹ˮǰŷ
Ǽһŷ˹֣ͣɱǰδͦΪม
ҲûΪ
˼һ
һ
ȷϣŷɴŲܽܵı顣
ŷΪ̫򼧣ҲŽˡ
֪ŷҲһ档
Ϊ
򼧶Ƣٶȱߵŷ˵
Ҿû⡣
һ˵꣬ŷɵĿ⡣
û⣿
Ϊһֹ
ŷ֮һ
¡
һΣյĶעŷʧȥ
򼧼˵ţ
ڰ˹ĳֹŷ˹Ҿû⡣ŷ˹һﶼˮ֪Ҳܹʹǹ

˫ɫ
Ȼɫͬ˫۾˫ħ֮۲һº͵۾
ᡪΪ̫ˣû취ŷ˹һǿΨһһܹӡˡ
ᴥŷգŶ˵
ǿʵรŷ㣬㲻ġ
֪ŷ仰֮סϢ
ʱĬĬ¶΢Ц
Ͼﰡ
ꡪ





λãǺǡ
ʵϣѵϼ֮С
ҾԼʮ㣨治˼
ܱһ˵൱ĸ³һĻٶȽУԼ˵УҷǳŬعƽʱӣдҲţ㻹ѽ
дڼ仹ĳϵеرƪԵҷʱⱾ뱾ϵеǰһѾ˰ѽأɡ
ʱĻжƽľȳսսɫ׵ѹؿڣؿںʹ

˵һдԭ壬һΪεĹ¶գΪʲôϵлôԸŤﰡ
վߵ˵ҾԲϲԶӵม
ô˵أôǰŮĻž۵ŵ㽴绪ĲŮָоɣ
Ϊճˣһд㲻ͬĶɡ
Ȼϲ΢Ůǡκһ
ˣҾ߾Ƶ۵У
ǣǡķǡдա

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